Type-writing machine



"8 ShBets Sheet 1.

' (No Model.)

T OLIVER TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

Patented June 16, 1896.

(No Mbdel.) 8 Sheets Sheet TfbLIVERQ Q TYPE WRITI'NGMAGHINE. .v No. 562,337. Patented June 16, 1896.

AN DREW BYGRANAM,FKOTO-UDIQWASHINGTORILC,

(No Model.) s Sheets-Sheet a.

. T. OLIVER. V

TYPE WRITILIG MACHINE.

' PatentedJune 16, 1896.

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8 Sheets-Sheet; 5.

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(No Model.)

T. OLIVER. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

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joy 6702 071- Patented June 16,- 1896.

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T. OLIVER. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

Patented June 16, I896.

UNITED gTATEg.

ATENT rricn.

THOMAS OLIVER, OF \VOODSTOOK, ILLINOIS.

TYPE-WRITING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 562,337, dated June 16, 1896.

Application filed arch 2, 1896. Serial No. 581,431. (No model.) i

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, THOMAS OLIVER, of \Voodstock, in the county of McIIenry and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Type WVriting Machines; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to improvements in type-writing machines which are applicable mainly to machines of that kind in which the impression is produced on the upper side of a platen in view of the operator and wherein type-bars of U form are employed, such as is shown, for instance, in prior Letters Patent, No. 528,481, granted on the 30th day of October, 1891, and No. 524,275, granted on the 9th day of July, 1895, but several of the improvements herein described may be I applied to type-writing machines of other kinds, as will hereinafter appear.

The invention consists in the matters hereinafter described, and more. particularly the frame removed to show the working parts.

Fig. 2 is a plan view of said machine with the papercarriage removedto show the parts beneaththe same. Fig. 3 is a plan view with the paper'carriage, with most of the type-levers removed for showing the parts immediatel y adjacent to the base-plate. Fig. 4 is a view in front elevation of the paper-carriage removed from the machine. Fig. 5 is a view from beneath of the rack-bar of the papercarriage and the adjacent parts. Fig. 6 is a detail view of the ratchet-wheel attached to the platen-shaft. Fig. 7 is a cross-section taken on line 7 7 of Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is a detail end view of the carriage-frame, showing the devices for actuating the platen to effect the line-feed. Fig. 9 is a similar view showing a changed position of the parts. Fig. 10 is a view of the opposite end of the carriage,

illustratin g the device for shifting the platen.

Fig. 11 is an enlarged plan view of the carriage, illustrating the devices for actuating on line 15 of Fig. 8.

its retaining-pawl.

the platen. I Fig. 12 is a cross section of the carriage, taken on line 12 12 of Fig. 11. Fig. 13 is adetail plan section of one end of the carriage, taken on line 13 13 of Fig. 12, showing the parts below the platen. Fig. 14 is a view of the rear part of the carriage with adjacent parts of the machine-frame, this being a sectional View taken on line 14 14 of Fig. 1. Fig. 15 is adetail vertical sectional view of the platen-actuating devices, taken Fig. 16 is a perspective view of the slotted slide and attached bearing-arm shown in Fig. 15. Fig. 17 is a sectional elevation of the feed-arm and dog, taken on line 17 17 of Fig. 15. Fig. 18 is a detail view of the platen ratchet-wheel and Fig. 10 is a detail rear elevation of the bell-trip device on the carriage. guide-bar, showing the marginstop and platen-actuating stop thereon. Fig. 21 is'a plan view of the parts shown in Fig. 20. Fig. 22 is a cross-section taken on line 22 22 of Fig. 21. Fig. 23 is a sectional plan view showing the margin-stop in changed position. Fig. 24 is a detail sectional elevation taken on line 24 24 of Fig. 2, showing the type-baractuating devices and parts of the spacing mechanism. Fig. 25 is a plan section taken on line 25 25 of Fig. 24, showing the typeJoar pivots and their bearings. Fig. 26 is a plan section taken on line 26 26 of Fig. 24:, showing the escape-wheel and other parts of the spacing mechanism. Fig. 27 is a detail plan view taken on line 27 27 of..Fig.'24, showing the pivotal support of the rocking frame by which the spacing devices are actuated. Fig. 28 is a central vertical sect-ion of the escapement-wheel shaft and parts supporting the Fig. 20 is an end view of the carriage same, taken on line 28 28 of Fig. 24. Fig. 29

is a detail vertical section taken on line 29 29 of Fig. 2, showing in side elevation the spacing and the ribbon-shifting devices. Fig. 30 is a side elevation of the oscillating detent-lever which controls the escapement-wheel.

31 is a perspective view of the same. Fig.

Fig.

32 is a sectional'view of the same, taken on made the barrel of one of the ribbon-spools. Fig. 35 is a face view of the blank forming the head or end of one of the ribbon-spools. Fig. 3G is a cross-section showing the locking devices for the spacing levers, taken on line 36 36 of Fig. 1. Fig. 37 is a detail side view of one of the key-shifting levers, showing the curved slot by which motion is transferred to the shifting carriage-support. Fig. 38 is a view of the other one of said levers, showing the curved slot therein. Fig. 39 is a detail section taken longitudinally through the guide-bar of the paper-carriage and one of the rocking standards on the frame which supports said bar. Fig. 40 is a detail View of the rack-bar on the paper-carriage and the pinion which engages the same, showing the shape of the teeth on said parts. Fig. 41 is a detail section of the lower bearing of one of the ribbon-feed shafts, taken on line 41 41 of Fig. 1. Fig. 42 is a detail section of the bearings for the upper end of one of the ribbonfeed shafts, taken on line 42 42 of Fig. 1. Fig. 43 is an enlarged detail plan view of the lower bearing of the escape -wheel shaft. Fig. 44 is a cross-section of the ribbon-spool, taken on line 44 44 of Fig. 35. Fig. 45 is a section of the same, taken longitudinally of the barrel, on line 45 45 of Fig. 44.

As shown in said drawings, A designates the base of the machine, consisting in the instance shown of a single flanged metal casting, to the top surface of which are attached posts or standards supporting and affording bearings for the several operative parts of the machine, as will hereinafter appear.

B B indicate the key-levers, which extend from the front to the rear of the machine, above and generally parallel with the base, and are pivot-ally supported at their rear ends by means of transverse pivots Z), supported in standards A A, secured to and rising from the base-plate. Said levers are divided into two groups, in each of which the rear ends of the levers are brought together and pivoted at opposite sides of the machine-frame, as clearly seen in plan view, Fig. 1, there being two standards A A, each provided with slots in which the rear ends of the levers are inserted. At their front ends the key-levers are held in vertical guide-slots a a, formed in a transverse guide-bar A secured to and extending across the base-plate near the front of the machine, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 36, and 37.

The several key-levers are lifted and held normally in an elevated position by means of springs 13 1), Fig. 1, herein shown as made of U form and located between the base-plate and the key-levers, with their upper ends engaged with the lower edges of the key-levers by means of hooks 1), formed in the ends of said springs.

(J 0 indicate the type-bars, which are of loop or U form and are mounted on supporting-frames D D in two groups at opposite sides of the center of the machine, so as to swing on horizontal axes, extending from the front to the rear of the machine and which act on a platen or paper-supporting roller E, arranged transversely of the machine beneath the type-bars, in position for the action thereon of the type-bars of both groups and mounted in an endwise-movable carriage, which is moved or shifted endwise to feed the platen and the paper thereon past the printing or striking point of the type-bars, generally in the manner described and shown in said prior patent.

The supporting-frames D D are arranged so as to overhang the platen E, Figs. 1, 24, and 25, and are supported at such distance above the base-plate and the key-levers as to afford space for the platen and its supporting-carriage by means of posts or uprights D, secured to the base-plate and adapted to rigidly sustain the said supporting-frames. The several type-bars are rigidly attached at their ends to horizontally arranged rock shafts or spindles C, which are mounted at their ends in bearings formed in the said supporting-frames and held therein by cap plates or bars D Figs. 24 and 25. Said type-bars are provided with type-heads 0 supported on the central parts or bends of the bars, and adjacent to their pivots are provided, Fig. 24, with radial crank-arms c, which are connected by means of upright links 0 with the key-levers at points intermediate of the ends of the latter.

At the outer ends of the supporting-frame D are located upright yokes D and attached to the same are inclined supports or rests D which are arranged in an inclined position between the arms of the yokes, their lower extremities being secured to the inner ends of the supporting-frames and their upper ends attached to the said yokes. Said rests are provided on their inner faces with impact-cushions 0 against which the rear sides of the type-heads rest when in their normal or retracted position.

Thelooped or U shaped type-bars and typeheads thereon herein shown differ in two important respects from those shown and described in said prior patents. First, both arms of the type-bars are made of tapered form and are thereby given graduated stiffness or rigidity from their pivoted ends to the points of attachment of the type-heads, and, secondly, the type-heads are made of graduated weight, those carried by the shorter type-bars being heavier than those on the longer type-bars. By making the arms of the looped type-bars of tapered form it is found that vibratory mot-ion of the type-heads under the impact of the same against the platen is greatly decreased, with consequent improvement in the character of the impression made. It is also found, by making the typeheads of varyin g weight, all of the types may be made to strike with practically the same force in making the impression, notwithstanding the varying lengths of the typearms. Uniformity of impression and in the appearance of the several letters is thus obtained.

The type-bar heads carry each a plurality of type-faces or types,preferably three, whereby an upper and lower case letter and a numeral or a punctuation-mark may be arranged on each type-head, the platen and its carriage being movable and controlled by suitable shifting devices, so that either of the types on the type-heads may be printed from at will. The type-bars are shown as made of sheet-metal strips bent into proper shape, and the type-heads consist of metal blocks slotted in their rear faces to receive the sheetmetal type-bars and secured to the same by soldering or in any other suitable manner.

The paper-carriage frame, in the preferred construction illustrated, consists of two end plates E E, a longitudinal bar E at the lower front part of the frame, which constitutes the rack-bar of the spacing mechanism, and a rear frame-bar E Fig. 11. The said carriage as a whole is mounted to slide endwise on a supporting-frame, which consists of a transverse guide-bar F and a horizontal yoke-piece F, extending rearwardly therefrom and havin g attached at its rear end a horizontal guiderod F which slides in a supporting-bracket F attached to the rear part of the bed-plate. A centrally-arranged plate F is attached to the rear end of the yoke and to the central part of the guide-bar F. Said plate forms part of the shifting frame and serves to support parts of the operating devices, as will hereinafter appear. The guide-bar F constitutes the main support for the carriage, and said bar is sustained in such manner that it may be moved horizontally backward and forward to afford the shifting of the carriage with relation to the type-heads necessary in order to print from either one of the three types upon said type-heads, while it is held positively from endwise or vertical movement. The devices illustrated for sustaining the shifting guide bar consist of two rocking standards G G, Figs. 1 and 39, which are located beneath the guide-bar and support the same from the base-plate. Said standards have flexible connection with the said guidebar by means of pivotal or ball-andsocket connections formed by means of a ball or head 9 on the upper end of each standard engaging a socket f, Fig. 39, in the bottom surface of said guide-bar, while .the lower ends of said standards are extended from front to rear of the machine to form rockers G, which rest on shoes G secured to the bed-plate A. Said rockers are so carried in a circular are concentric with the pivot or ball and socket at the opposite end of the standard that when the upper ends of the standards are moved backward or forward they will remain practically in the same horizontal plane, and the guide-bar may be thereby moved backward and forward without being raised or lowered. In order that the standards may be held from moving or shifting on the base-plate, suitable grooves 9 formed in the lower surfaces, and

the shoes are provided at their ends with upwardly-proj ecting lu gs g at the front and the rear of the rockers G The engagement of the said flanges with the grooves of the rockers hold the standards from moving or shifting laterally, while the lugs g serve to loosely confine the rockers and hold them from backward or forward movement. The rocking standards G are located near the ends of the guide-bar F, outside of the key-levers. The said supporting-standards may be reversed and the shoes attached to the shifting frame instead of to the base without affecting the operation of these parts.

The guide-bar F, together with the yoke F,

constitute the shifting frame of the machine,

and the engagement of the rod F with the guide F affords a support for the frame which, in connection with the rocking standards G G, serves to hold the frame in a horizontal position, while at the same time leaving it free to be shifted backwardly or. forwardly with the carriage which is supported by said frame.

To hold the guide-bar F from endwise movement and from being lifted vertically, the same is engaged with horizontal stationary guides F Figs. 3, 14 and 39, which extend from front to rear of the machine-frame, and are provided with overhanging partsor flanges f, Fig. 39, which are engaged by projecting lugs f on the said bar in such manner as to hold the bar from rising. Said lugs f are herein shown as formed by the extremities of the yoke F, which extend beneath the guide'bar and are turned outwardly parallel with the bar, being secured thereto by screws or rivets. The said guide-bar is also provided with an antifriction-roller f at its lefthand end, which, by engagement with the inner edges of the adjacent flange f, serves to resist the tendency to endwise movement in the bar due to the action of the carriage-actuatin g spring. As herein shown, the guides F are formed upon or cast integral with the standards D, by which the guide-bars and their supports are sustained, and the roller f is mounted on a stud or pivot f attached to one end of the yoke F, the guide-bar being cut away or notched on its under surface to receive the said guides F and said roller. The backward-and-forward movement of the shifting frame is limited and controlled by means of shifting stops or nuts f f placed on the stem F at either side of the guide bracket F The paper-carriage is sustained at its front edge upon the guide-bar F by means of supporting-rollers E, which engage a longitudinal guide-groove F formed in the top surface of the guide-bar F, Fig. 12. Said supportingrollers are preferably two in number, Fig. 5, and are connected with the carriage-frame by ICC means of a longitudinal channel-bar E Figs. 5, 12, and 14, which is secured to the bottom or under surface of the bar E of the carriage and between the depending flanges of which the said rollers E" are journaled by means of bearing-pivots inserted through the central hubs formed on the rollers and through the depending flanges of said channel-bar, the

hubs of the rollers being made long enough to'extend between said flanges and thereby hold the rollers from lateral movement, as clearly seen in Fig. 5.

The carriage is held from rising or being liftedfrom its place by means of a longitudinal groove F formed in the rear face of the guide-bar F near its top, which groove is engaged by two lugs c c on the carriage-frame. Said lugs are shown as formed 011 the lower edge of a plate E which is secured by rivets to the rear flange of the channel-bar E, Figs. 5, 12, and 14.

The rear part of the carriage is sustained by means of a supporting-roller II, Figs. 1, 2, and 29, which is mounted on a standard II, attached to the frame-yoke F, in position to extend beneath the rear frame-bar E of the carriage-frame, which latter rests and travels on said roller II in the endwise traverse of the carriage. To hold the carriage from rising at itsrear part, a movable stop [I is secured to the upper end of the post II in such manner as to overhang the said bar. Said stop is herein shown as having the form of athumbscrew, Fi 29, to which is attached a threaded shank h, which enters a socket in the upper. end of the post 11. The said post II is shown as secured to the yoke F by passing through a hole formed in a rearwardly-projecting lug f on said yoke and having nuts h h placed on the screw-threaded lower end of the post above and below said yoke, thereby enabling the post to be adjusted vertically with the effect of raising or lowering the rear part of the carriage, which construction enables the carriage to be adjusted accurately to a horizontal position.

The shifting frame is so constructed that the platen E and its carriage may be shifted in either direction from a central point, the carriage being shifted backwardly for one set of types or characters and forwardly for another set, while it remains unmovable or in its central position for the third or interm ediate set of types. To accomplish such movement of the carriage backward and forward from its central position, devices are connected with the shifting frame as follows:

I I represent shifting-levers, having their keys 2' b" in the keyboard, preferably at the left-hand side of the same, and pivoted at their rear ends to a standard 1 rising from the base-plate A, Figs. 1 and 3, said levers being guided in vertical slots formed in the left-hand end of the guide-plate A Mounted on the frame-base at the rear of the guideplate A is a rock-shaft J, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 29, and 37, which extends from a point beneath the shifting-levers to the center of the machine and is provided with upwardly-extending crank-arms J, J and J The crankarm J, Figs. 3 and 29, is located near the center of the machine and is connected with the shifting frame by means of a rearwardlyextending rod J Fig. 29, the rear end of which is pivoted to a depending lug j on the central plate F of the shifting frame, Figs. 3 and 29.

The two crank-arms J 2 J 3 are adapted for engagement, respectively, with the shiftinglevers I and I. Said shifting-levers are provided with curved slots 1' i which are so shaped or curved that the depression of one key-lever will throw the rock-shaft J in one direction, while the depression of the other key-lever will turn the same said rock-shaft in the opposite direction, thereby giving correspondingmovement in opposite directions to the shifting frame, in the same manner as described in the said prior patent, No. 542,275.

I and I Fig. 1, are lifting-springs applied between the base-plate and the shifting-levers to hold the latter normally elevated. The shifting-levers I and I are provided with stop projections I and 1 adapted for contactwith the guide-bar F, so as to limit the movement of the same and hold the carriage immovable when in its central position, in the same manner as the corresponding parts shown in said prior patent, No. 542,275. It is sometimes desired to hold the carriage for some length of time in its shifted position, and for this purpose I have provided means of locking the spacing keys in their depressed position. The device illustrated for this purpose is like that shown in said prior patent, No. 542,275, and consists of a hand-lever K, Figs. 1 and 36, which is arranged vertically and extends between the levers I and I and is pivoted at its lower end to the guide-plate A Said lever K is provided with outwardlyfacing stopshoulders 75 located in such position as to hold the spacing-keys depressed when engaged therewith. By shifting said hand-lever K to the right or left and in engagement with that one of the shifting-keys which is depressed, the depressed key will be locked or held from rising by the locking-lever so long as the latter remains in engagement therewith.

For giving endwise motion or feed to the paper-carriage the machine herein shown is provided with a spring-actuated mechanism for giving motion to such carriage, and also a spacing or feed device by which the car riage is allowed to move under the action of said spring one space at each time the key is depressed for printing a letter.

The carriage-actuating device is like those heretofore used for the same purpose and is constructed as follows:

K, Figs. 1 and 2, indicates a drum which contains the usual carriage-actuating spring and in the instance illustrated is. mounted to turn about a vertical axis and is supported upon the upper end of a standard 75*, which rises from the machine-base. Said springdrum has wrapped about it a strap K the free end of which is attached to a hook k Figs. 4 and 5, on the carriage-frame. Said drum is attached to the vertical shaft K which extends downwardly through the base of the machine and is provided below the base with the familiar device of a ratchet-wheel and escapementlever (shown in dotted lines in Fig. 3) by which the tension of the spring may be regulated.

The spacing device for effectingthe letterspacing or feed device operates in connection with the rack-bar E hereinbefore referred to, and embraces features of novelty in several particulars. Said spacing device is con structed as follows:

L, Figs. 28 and 29, indicates an upright escape-wheel shaft, located near the center of the machine in front of the guide-bar F. Said shaft is mounted in a bearing connected with the said guide-bar, so that the shaft moves horizontally with the shifting frame, and said shaft carries at its upper end a gear-pinion L, adapted to engage the rack-bar E of the carriage-frame, Fig. 12. The upper end of the shaft L is, moreover, adapted to move in its bearings toward and from the rack-bar, so that the pinion L may be engaged and disengaged from said rack-bar at will. Said shaft carries near its lower end an escape-wheel L by which is controlled the rotation of the shaft produced by the endwise movement of the carriage under the impulse of the carriageactuating spring. The said shaft, in the particular construction illustrated, Figs. 24, 26, 2S and 29, is supported at its lower end in a bracket F ,which is attached to the horizontal plate F of the shifting frame. The lower end of said shaft engages the bearing-aperture l in said bracket F being sufficiently loose therein to enable the upper end of the shaft to be moved horizontally toward and from the rack-bar, in the manner above described. This construction is illustrated in the drawings, Fig. 43, in which the said aperture is shown as made slightly longer in a direction from front to rear than the diameter of the lower end of the shaft. The upper end of the shaft- L engages a bearing-aperture in a sliding block L which block engages the sides of a guide-slot in an arm or bracket F on the shifting frame, which arm or bracket is conveniently formed by means of a forward eX- tension of the plate F which is prolonged beyond the guide-bar, in position to support the said. bearing-block. A pin Z inserted through the block below the arm F engages the lower surface of the arm, so as to hold the block from rising. The bearing-block L is held normally in its rearward position or adjacent to the guide-bar F and the said pinion is re tained in mesh with the rack-bar by means of a suitably-applied spring, herein shown as having the form of a plate-spring L, which is secured to thebracket F at its lower end,

. and at its upper or free end engages an aperstep when the several keys are operated, the

same is constructed as follows: M is an 0scillatory escapement-lever, Figs. 26,. 29, 30, an d 32, which is pivoted on a laterally-extending arm F on the bracket F and is adapted to swing in a vertical plane. Said lever ex tends from front to rear of the machine, and its forward end is located at one side of and adjacent to the escape-wheel L and carries stilf and limber pawls mm,which are adapted for engagement with the teeth of the escape- Wheel, so as to permit the wheel to turn tooth by tooth when the latter is oscillated in a manmer common to otherescape mechanism. The stiff pawl m has the form of a rigid projection or tooth on the end of the lever M, and the limber pawl m is pivotally supported at its lower end, by means of a transverse pivot, between laterally-separated arms m m on said lever, so as to swing in a vertical plane parallel with the axis of the escape-wheel. The stiff pawl m is adapted for alternate engagement with and disengagement from the teeth of the escape-wheel by vertical movement or oscillation of the front end of the escape-lever M, the said stiff pawl being adapted for engagement with the teeth of the wheel when the escape-lever is elevated. The limber pawl is also adapted for the engagement and disengagement with the teeth of the escape-wheel by a vertical movement of said lever M, said pawl, for this purpose, being provided with a notch m in its side nearest the escape-wheel and opposite the stiff pawl m, said notch being so located as to permit the passage of the teeth of the escape-wheel when the lever is elevated. The parts are so arranged that, when the escapement-lever is depressed, the lug m will engage the teeth of the same, and when it is elevated the stiff pawl m will be engaged by the said teeth and the limber pawl will be released therefrom. A back stop wa for the limber pawl is formed by means of a lateral projection on the lever M, and a front stop m for said limber pawl is similarly formed on said lever. The limber pawl is held normally in contact with the back stop by means of a suitably-applied spring, herein shown as having the form of a coiled spring m Figs. 31 and 32, placed around the pivot m of the limber pawl. The escape-wheel turns in a direction to carry the limber pawl away from back stop m when engaged with said pawl, as clearly seen in Fig. 26, and said wheel, when in contact with the limber pawl, carries the same toward the back stop m against the action of the spring on and holds itin contact with the same. When the parts are at rest, the escapement-lever stands at the lower limit of its movement, and one tooth of the escape-wheel rests in contact with the limber pawl, which holds the escape-wheel from turning. If, now, the escape-lever be moved so as to lift its free end, the limber pawl will be lifted until free from the escape-wheel, at which time the tooth previously engaged by the limber pawl will come in contact with, and be arrested by, the stiff pawl m, while the limber pawl will be released, and, under the action of its spring m will return into contact with the back stop m as seen in Fig. 30. Upon the subsequent descent of the escape-lever the teeth of the escape-wheel in contact with the stiff pawl will be released so as to permit the turning of the'wheel; but in the descent of the escape-lever the next succeeding tooth will be caught by the descending limber pawl, which will be moved thereby until arrested by the front stop, thus permitting the turning of the escape-wheel a distance of one tooth at each oscillation of the escape-lever. Any backward turning of the escape-lever is prevented by the detent N, Fig. 26, which is mounted on a supporting-arm N, attached to the bracket F, and held by means of a coiled actuatingspring at in engagement with the teeth of the escape-wheel.

Now referring to the means illustrated for giving motion to the escape-lever, these parts are constructed as follows: 0, Figs. 3 and 29, indicates a vertically-movable space-bar which extends transversely beneath the several key-levers, and is adapted for actuation by all of said key-levers. Said space-bar is attached to the rear ends of the two arms 0, Fig. 3, the forward ends of which are rigidly attached to a rock-shaft 0 having bearings at its ends d in standards D of the frame, as seen in Fig. 24. The said space-bar O is connected with the said rock-shaft 0 not only by the arms 0, located at the ends of said bars, but also by means of two intermediate bars 0 0 Figs. 25 and 29, arranged at either side of the escape devices, as clearly seen in the plan views, Figs. 3 and 29. The escapelever M is operated directly from the bar 0 by means of a slotted yoke 0 Figs. 3, 25, and 29, which is secured to the bar adjacent to the rear end of the lever M, and is provided with a horizontal slot 0, extending from the front to the rear of the machine, beneath the space-bar, and adapted to receive a pin m which is secured in the rear end of said lever. Through the medium of the slotted yoke 0 vertical movement of the space-bar is transmitted directly to the escapement-lever M, while backward and forward movement of said lever with the shifting frame is permitted by the said slot 0, without affecting the action of the escape devices.

The intermediate arms 0', which connect the space-bar O with the rock-shaft 0 as above described, afford means for connecting a space-key P, Figs. 1 and 3, located in front of the keyboard, with the said escape devices. This space-key P is shown as having the form of an elongated bar attached to two parallel levers P P, which pass downwardly through an opening in the base-plate A, near the frontof the machine, and extend beneath said plate to a point at the rear of the escapement devices, where they are attached to a rock-shaft P (shown in Figs. 27 and 29,) around which is placed a coiled springp, which acts to hold the space-key normally in its elevated position. At a point some distance forward from the rock-shaft P is located a cross-bar P Figs. 24, 27, and 29, which rigidly connects the levers P P. Pivoted to the lever-arms O O by means of a transverse pi vot-pin 0 is a depending yoke-piece P, having at its lower end a recessed or hook-shaped part 19, which extends beneath and embraces the cross-bar P. A cushion p Figs. 24 and 29, is preferably located in the recessed part 19, below the rod P so as to afford a cushion between the parts and prevent noise in the operation of the spacing-key. The yoke-piece P is conveniently made of sheet metal, bent at its lower edge to form a recessed or hook-shaped part 1) and having at its upper end plugs or ears 19 which are bent at right angles to the body of the yoke-piece, Fig. 27, and pierced for the passage of the pivot-rod e, as clearly seen in Figs. 24 and 29. The space-bar is held normally at the upper limit of its movement and in contact with the key-levers by a suitably-applied spring (herein shown as having the form of a coiled spring 0 placed in compression between one of the levers O and the base-plate of the machine, as clearly seen in Fig. 29. An auxiliary leaf-spring 0 also aids in lifting the space-bar. The upward movement of said space-bar is limited by a stop 0', secured to the base-plate.

The movement of the upper end of the shaft L and the pinion Lthereon toward and from the rack-bar of the carriage is for the purpose of releasing said carriage from the spacing devices when it is desired to shift or move the carriage backward to its startingpoint for beginning a new line of writing or at other times. Devices are provided on the carriage for accomplishing such movement of the said shaft, as follows:

Pivotally connected to the carriage above the rack-bar E with its lower, free edge adjacent to the latter, is a longitudinally-arranged releasing-bar Q, having pivotal conneetion with the end plates E of the carriage-frame, by means of pivot extensions q g at its upper edge, Figs. 4c and 11. The lower or free edge of said releasing-bar is located in position to engage an antifriction-roller Q, Fig. 12, mounted on the upper end of the shaft L above the said pinion L. A suitably-applied spring, in this instance having the form of a coiled spring q, surrounds one of the pivoted extensions q of the releasing-bar and is engaged at one end with the end plate of the frame and its opposite end with the said bar. Said spring serves to throw the free edge of the releasing-bar rearwardl y and thereby tends to hold it in its retractedposi- For actuating said releasing-bar a tription.

rod Q Figs. 4, 11, and 13, is arranged to we tend longitudinally of the carriage at the rear of said releasing-bar, said trip-rod being adapted to slide longitudinally on the carriage and extending beyond the end of the carriage at theleft-hand side of the machine, Figs. 4 and 11, where it is provided with a finger-piece or button Pivoted to the rack-bar E at the rear of the releasingbar, is a bell-crank lever Q Fig. 13, one arm, Q2, of which engages the rear surface of the releasing-bar, and the other arm, of which is connected by the pivot-pin g with the inner end of the trip-rod Q To bring the trip-rod in proper relation with other parts, it is located close to the front of the carriage, and is bent or offset at its inner end to engage the bell-crank lever, as clearly seen in Fig. 13. A stop g secured in the rack-bar E serves to arrest the movement of the bell-- crank lever in both directions, the arm g being arranged to strike the said stop for limiting the inward movement of the releasingbar under the action of its spring, while the arm g is adapted to strike the same, to limit the movement of the trip-rod when pushed inwardly by the operator.

The releasing-bar, arranged to engage the upper end of the escape-wheel shaft, as described, together with its actuating devices, obviously enables the pinion on said shaft to be thrown out of engagement with the rackbar on the carriage, so as to release the carriage and leave it free to be moved backward and forward by the operator by merely pressing on the button Q.

The actuating-spring of the releasing-bar and the spring which throws the escape-wheel shaft toward the rack-bar are together of less strength than the carriage-actuating spring, so that when pressure is applied to the triprod the pinion will be released from the rackbar and will remain free therefrom.

As an improved construction in the teeth of the rack-bar and pinion, I make the same of the shape of ratchet-teeth with abrupt working faces, and I further provide a special construction by which the said teeth of the rack-bar and pinion are better adapted to remain in engagement with each other and by which the liability is obviated of slipping of the teeth past each other, which sometimes occurs in the use of ordinary gear-teeth where the pinion is yieldingly held by the spring in contact with the rack-bar. This peculiar feature of the construction is more clearly shown in the diagram Fig. 40 and may be described as follows:

The teeth of the rack-bar are of the usual ratchet shape, having their working or 0011- tact faces at right angles wit-h or perpendicular to the edge of the rack-bar or slightly inclined in a direction to give undercut form to the teeth, if desired. The teeth of the pinion L, however, are made of hooked form, so as to overhang theirbases, orin other words, both their faces are oblique to ratchet-lines of the pinion, while their contact-faces l are undercut and the point of each tooth overhangs the base of the next tooth, as clearly shown in the drawings. As a result of this construction, the contact-faces of the pinionteeth will come into parallel relation with and bear flatwise against the contact-faces of the rack-teeth at a time before the said con-- tact-faces reach a point opposite the center of the pinion, as will be clear from an examination of Fig. 40, wherein Z Z indicate a line drawn through the center of the pinion at right angles with the rack-bar. The point Z in this figure indicates the center of the pinion,' and the dotted line Z drawn through the contact-faces of the two teeth which are engaged with their working faces in contact and clearly shows the inclination of the said contact-face of the pinion-teeth. When the teeth are in this position, if Z be the piniontooth, which is so engaged with the rack, the adjacent pinion-tooth will bear at its extremity or point against the working face of the next rack-tooth at a point intermediate of the length of said rack-tooth, so that in practice two teeth will commonly be in bearing or engagement at once. The main advantage gained by this construction is, however, that the pressure of the rack-bar on the pinionteeth so formed has no tendency whatever to throw the pinion outwardly, but on the contrary, such pressure has a greater tendency to hold the teeth interlocked or engaged with each other, and thereby entirely avoids liability of the teeth slipping at the time the rotation of the pinion and movement of the carriage are arrested by the action of the escape mechanism after each forward movement or step of the carriage under the action of its actuating-sprin g.

The employment of teeth of ratchet shape has the general advantage also of enabling the carriage to be moved back to the startin g-point by the outward yielding of the pinion and the upper end of the shaft on which it is mounted Without the actuating of the releasing devices. In practice, however, the carriage will be usually moved backward to the starting-point by pressure on the end of the trip-rod Qhwhich pressure, acting against the tension of the carriage-spring, will release the driving-pinion from the rack, and thus free the carriage without any motion or movement on the part of the operator except to press on the button- Q in the direction the carriage is to move, and continue the press urc until the carriage reaches its starting-point, or any point Where it is desired to leave the same. 011 releasing the pressure on the trip rod, the driving-pinion immediately reengages the rack, it being, however, necessary to hold the carriage from backward movement at the instant the trip-rod is released, which is accomplished by the pressure of a finger of the left hand against a stationary part of the carriage adjacent to the button Q The platen E is located in the forward part of the carriage and is mounted on a spindle R, which extends through the end plates of the carriage, and is provided at its ends with hand-wheels or milled knobs R and B The knob R at the right-hand side of the carriage is more especially intended for turning the platen and adjusting the paper, while the knob R at the left-hand end of the carriage is located just above and adjacent to the end of the trip-bar Q, so that one finger may be placed thereon in the same manner as set forth in said prior patent, No. 542,275, which shows a similarly-aotin g trip-rod operating in connection with another form of spacing mechanism.

The platen E is movable bodily on the carriage into and out of its operative position, in order to facilitate the insertion of the paper, in the manner set forth in my prior patent, No. 450,107, the ends of the platen-spindle being constructed to slide in slots 6 e in the end plates E E and the platen being moved and held in its operative position by means of a rock-shaft R mounted on the end plates and connected with the spindle c at each end of the carriage by means of pivotally-conneeted toggle-arms r 0*,Figs. 11 and 12. The said rock-shaft R is provided with a crank R by means of which it may be easily actuated by the hand of the operator and the toggle-arms are so arranged as to stand slightly in a flexed position against stops on the end plate when the platen is in its operative position, so as to automatically lock the platen in from backward movement.

The machine shown is provided with automatic line-spacing devices generally similar to those shown in said Patent No. 542,27 5 by which the platen is turned to advance the paper automatically in the backward movement of the carriage to its starting position. These parts as herein shown embody some features of novelty, and are constructed as follows: Mounted on the platen-spindle R is a ratchet or gear wheel S, Figs. 1, 4t, 8, 9, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18, the same being located on the outside of the adjacent end plate E at the lefthand side of the machine. Loosely mounted on said spindle, adjacent to said gear-wheel, is an oscillating feeding-lever S, which carries a loosely-pivoted gravity-pawl S of an gular or bell-crank shape and adapted for engagement with the teeth of said gear-wheel. Said pawl S is pivoted between its ends, by a pivot s, to the feed-lever, and has a limited oscillatory movement 011 said feed-lever, the extent of which is controlled by means of a stop-pin s on the lever engaging an elongated or segmented notch S in the pawl, Fig. 17. Said pawl also carries at its outer or free end an antifriction-roller s, to which power is applied for moving the pawl and the feedlever. At the end of its inner part or arm said pawl carries a tooth 8 adapted for engagement with the gear-wheel S. The inner arm of the pawl is arranged at such an a11- gle to its outer part that the swinging of the pawl on its pivot will carry the tooth s toward and from the said wheel. The feedingarm and pawl are moved or swung in one direction by means of a spring S herein shown as made of coiled form and placed around the spindle, and are moved in the opposite direction by means of an endwise-slidin g cam S, which is mounted on the carriage and pro vided with an oblique or cam edge S, adapted to act on the antifriction-roller s and thereby turn or move the feed-arm on its point when the cam is advanced, and thus turns the same in such manner as to carry the feed-arm through an arc of such length as to give the desired extent of line-feed. The devices for actuating said sliding cam will be herein after described. The feed pawl being loosely mounted on the feed-arm, is adapted to swing far enough to release the tooth s from, and allow it to pass over, the teeth of the gearwheel, in the backward movement of the feedlever; but in the forward movement of said lever the sliding cam S first strikes the antifriction-roller s and thus swings the outer or free end of the feed-pawl in a direction to cause the engagement of the tooth thereon with the gear-wheel, so that when the sliding cam strikes the friction-wheel it first effects the engagement of the pawl with the gearwheel, and thereafter moves the pawl and feed-arm bodily through a desired angular distance.

Provision is made for giving a variable line-spacing by varying the distance to which the feed-arm is allowedto swing backward under the action of its actuatingspring S and in the construction illustrated, where provision is made for single and double spacing, said arm is adapted to strike and is arrested by a shoulder s on an arm R, which is stationary with respect to the shaft R, to give a double space, while a movable stop 8, having the form of a lever pivoted to the said arm R is adapted to be swung into position to arrest the feed-lever at half a' stroke, and thus give a shorter movement to the same for single line-spacing. The stop-lever s is shown as provided with a weighted upper end 5", which, by being thrown to one side or the other of the feed-lever, acts by gravity to hold the stop-lever either in its operative or inoperative position, said lever being shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings in operative position and in Fig. 8 as being out of action.

The platen and its spindle R being movable on the carriage-frame, the arm R is constructed to move with the spindle, and to afford support for said arm it is rigidly attached to a sliding plate B, Fig. 16, which is located against the outer face of the carriage end plate, and is provided with a bearingaperture r ,which engages the said spindle B, so that the sliding plate shall be moved with said spindle. In order to maintain the said plate R constantly in the same position with respect to the feeding-lever and other working parts, said plate is provided with a slot IIO r which is engaged by a stud r secured in.

the end plate E, and which slides in said slot as the plate is moved. The arm R is connected at its outer end with the plate R by means of a transversely-bent part r Fig. 16, which supports the arm at some distance from and parallel with the plate R. The outer end of the said arm is provided with an eye or bearing-aperture 1", which engages the spindle R outside of the ratchet-wheel S, Figs. 8, 11, and 15. Said arm is also provided with an outwardly-extended or offset part 7, to the inner face of which the movable stop 8 is pi voted. The transverse parts which join the said offset part a with the body of the arm form stops for limiting the swing of the pivoted half-space stop .9 in both directions, and the lower edge of the transverse part nearest the spindle also forms the shoulder 3 which constitutes the stop for the feeding-lever when a double space is desired, as above stated. The fceding-leverS is shown as attached to a sleeve 8 which surrounds the spindle R and extends outwardly therefrom for some distance to afford an extended bearing for the said lever on the shaft, adapted to withstand the outward pressure of the actuating-cam s on the extremity of said feeding-lever. A brace .9 extends from the end of said feedinglever to the outer end of the said sleeve 8 Fig. 15. The actuating-spring S of the feeding-lever is conveniently arranged to surround the sleeve s the outer end of said spring being attached to the outer end of the brace s and the inner end of said spring being attached to the arm R? by insertion in a hole in the offset part 0 of said arm, as clearly shown in Fig. 11. A part of the spindle R, outside of the end plate E, is preferably made of a separate short shaft 7', to which the knob R is attached. Said shaft r is shown as attached to the outer end of the main part of the spindle R by means of a screw or other joint located outside of the sleeve 3 Fig. 15.

The usual spring-pawl S is provided for holding the platen-spindle from turning, said pawl being shown as provided with an antifriction-roller s", which enters the spaces between the teeth of the gear-wheel, so as to hold the same from turning except under a pressure suflicient to flex the spring of the pawl and allow the wheel to ride over the intervening teeth. Said pawl S is shown as attached at its outer end to the transverselybent part 1' of the arm R In order to enable the platen and the paper thereon to be turned or adjusted independently of the line-feeding devices, I propose to connect the ratchet-wheel with the spindle R by means of a frictional connecting device or yielding connection adapted to allow the spindle R to be turned relatively to the said ratchet-wheel. To this end Ihave shown one practical form of such yielding connection, wherein the wheel S consists of two parts, namely, an inner ,part S", which is rigidly attaehed to the spindle R, and an outer annular part S", which surrounds the inner part, said outer and inner parts having conical contact-surfaces, Figs. '7 and 15. The said conical contact-surfaces of the outer and inner parts are drawn and held in frictional contact with each other by means of a flat spring S which is secured by screws or otherwise to the central part S and is provided with arms S, which overlap and bear against the outer part S which latter is provided with a raised flange or rim, Fig. 7,, against which the ends of the spring rest and bear.

In connection with a yielding or frictional connection between the ratchet-wheel and platen-shaft I have provided a locking device to hold the spring-pawl S positively engaged with the ratchet-wheel, and thereby hold the same from turning, when it is desired to rotate the platen for the purpose of adjustment. For this purpose a swinging detent-arm S Figs. 9 and 18, is pivoted on the spindle R, outside of and adjacent to the wheel S, and said arm is provided with a locking-lug S, Fig. 11, adapted to engage the free end of the pawl S when the same is engaged with the wheel S, in such manner as to hold or look the same from outward movement. As herein shown, the said locking-lug is adapted to engage the end of the pivots of the roller 8, which pivot is constructed to project from the side of the pawl in position for engagement with said lug. The detent arm S is shown as provided with an outwardly-extending finger-piece S by which it may be more conveniently actuated, and also with a ISO uide-arm S which extends from the u er e P margin of the detent-arm downwardly over and outside of the arm B, so as to hold and guide the deten t-arm in a vertical plane when it is swung or moved about its pivotal support on the spindle R. a

The plat-en shiftin g devices above described are of obvious advantage, inasmuch as they enable the paper to be easily moved or shifted, by turning the platen, so as to locate theline of printing, or individual letters, (as in making correction in previously-printed n1atter,) exactly at the point on the paper desired. For so shifting the paper the detent-arm S 9 is lifted with the left hand to lock the pawl in the wheel S, and the platen is then turned by the right hand applied to the knob on the right-hand end of the platen-spindle. Uponl releasing the detent-arm the same falls by gravity, so as to release the pawl and restore" the line-feeding devices to their normal or operative condition.

New referring to the devices shown for actuatin g the sliding cam S which gives motion to the line-feed devices hereinbefore de-- scribed, the devices are in some of their features like those shown in said prior patent, No. 542,27 5, but they contain novel features, which will be hereinafter pointed out. Said cam is attached to an endwise-movable rod S Figs. 4, 5, 12 and 14, herein shown as mounted in guide-lugs E E which project rearwardly from the rack-bar E and are herein shown as formed by integral, outwardly-bent lugs on the ends of the plate E, Figs. 5 and 12. The rod S is held normally in its retracted position by means of a coiled spring 8, located between the lug E and a collar 8, attached to said rod. A second spring S is also placed upon said rod between said collar 5 and a second sliding collar 5, located on the rod S, in position to engage the inner face of the right-hand bearing-lug E said spring S and sliding collar 8 together forming an elastic stop or buffer for limiting the inward or backward movement of the rod S under the action of the spring 8". The bar S is actuated by the contact of its rear or right-hand end with a suitable stop on the carriage-supporting frame, which stop, inasmuch as it acts to limit the rearward movement of the carriage in returning it to its starting-point, serves also as a margin-stop for the carriage, by which the width of the margin left on the sheet in printing is determined. As an improved construction in such margin-stop, by which it is made conveniently adjustable for varying the width of the margin or printed page, and by which the sliding rod S may be prevented from striking the same and the automatic feed devices thereby thrown out of action, these parts are constructed as follows:

A sliding block T is mounted on the righthand end of the guide-bar F, as seen in Figs. 20, 21, 22 and 23. Said block is held upon the said guide-bar by means of a U-shaped clip or slide T, which embraces the top, bottom and front sides of the guide-bar, and is pivoted to the said block T, which is located at the rear face of the bar, by means of a Vertical pivot-pin t, which is inserted through the block at the left-hand side of the same, Fig. 21. At the opposite side or right-hand end of the block is located a holding-pin t, Fig. 23, which is adapted to engage either one of a series of holes or recesses 21 in either one of which the pin t may be inserted. The said pin is inserted in and released from the said recesses by swinging the block T on the pivot t, so as to carry the end of the pawl in which said pin is placed toward and from the guide-bar. A spring t secured in the block and bearing against the bottom of the groove F of the guide-bar, tends to hold the pin in engagement with the recesses therein, but no positive locking device is required, because the pivot of the block and pin are so arranged that the pressure of the carriage against the block in striking the same tends to throw the free end of the block toward the guide-bar. Said block T is so located that the end of the rod S will pass freely over the same, said block being, in the particular construction illustrated, provided with a recess or 0011- cavity in its upper surface, to afford space for the passage of said rod.

Mounted in the block T is a movable detent T which is arranged to be moved laterally into and out of the path of the rod S, as desired. Said detent, as shown, consists of a flat plate inserted in a slot formed transversely in the block T and mounted on a pivotpin t inserted through the lower part of the block, the upper end of the detent standing across the recess in the top of the block and in position to engage the end of the rod unless said detent is especially moved to shift it out of the way of said rod. As a simple and convenient construction, I have provided said detent T with a weighted and bent arm t which extends forwardly beneath the guidebar T, and the weight of which tends to hold the upper end of the detent in position to engage the said rod, a suitable stop i being provided to limit the inward movement of the detent under the weight of said arm 25. \Vhen it is desired to throw the detent out of operative position, it is merely necessary to lift the weighted arm 2' by the hand, and the rod S may then pass the detent without striking the same, in which case the line-feeding devices will not be operated. When the said detent is thrown out of action, the stop for the carriage is provided by means of a pro jecting pin or stud T on the block T, which is located in position for engagement with the bearing-lug E in which the rod 8 is mounted.

A forwardly-projectin g cam-arm E on the carriage-frame serves to throw outwardly the detent T out of the path of the rod S after the sliding cam has been moved to turn the platen and before the carriage reaches the extreme limit of its movement, so as to allow the said rod and the cam to be restored to its rearward position by the action of the spring S and to permit the platen feeding-arm S to also return to its rearward position or the limit of its backward stroke. It follows from this construction that the said feeding-arm and sliding cam are operated to turn the platen 'for the line-feed and are completely restored to their normal positions, by the act of returning the carriage to its startingpoint, so that no movement of the platenactuating devices takes place in the subsequent forward movement of the carriage under the action of the carriage-actuating spring, and the forward movement of the carriage is in no way affected by the expansion of the spring S, which would be the case if said rod were not freed from contact with the margin-stop and the spring S thereby released from compression before or at the end of the rearward movement of the carriage.

As a further improvement in the paper or line feeding devices, I propose to employ, in connection with the platen E, a feed-roll U, which is held by spring-pressure against the platen and is driven positively by gearing connecting it with the platen-spindle, so that the feed-roll will be driven positively with practically the same surface speed as that of the platen. These devices are shown in Figs. 4, 10, 11 and 12 of the accompanying drawings.

As herein shown, the feed-rollU is mounted on a shaft or spindle U, which extends beyond the end plate of the frame and is provided with a pinion it, intermeshing with a gear-wheel U on the platen-spindle R. Devices are provided by which the feed-roller U is held by spring-pressure in contact with the platen, and for this purpose the shaft U is mounted in the ends of the arms a u, attached to a supporting-strip U which extends across the front of the carriage and is pivotally supported at its ends in the end plates E of the carriage-frame by means of pivot-pins or projections M2 on the ends of said strip U spring or springs u are applied to act upon said strip U so as to turn the same in a direction to carry the feed-roll toward the surface of the platen. Said spring a is herein shown as made of coiled form and arranged to surround the pivots n of said strip U The said strip U is shown as located in position convenient to form the scale by which to determine the position of the point at which the typesstrike in printing, and such scale is therefore marked thereon. The feed-roller U is so located on the carriage that the platen moves rearwardly away from the same when shifted out of its operative position, for the purpose of inserting the paper in the carriage. This arrangement of the parts enables the gear-wheel U to become disengaged from the gear-pinion u, and reengaged therewith when the platen is restored to its operative position. Said shaft U of the feed-roll is arranged in position to rest or bear at its ends against the end plates of the carriage when the platen is retracted, so that said end plates form stops to limit the inward or rearward movement of the feed-roll under the action of the springs "a said shaft being moved a short distance, so as to be out of contact with said end plates when the platen is brought against the feedroll in restoring it to its working position.

With respect to the means used on the paper-carriage for guiding the paper during its insertion, and at other times, the machine shown is provided with devices as follows:

E Fig. 12, is the upper and E the lower paper-guide, both made of sheet metal in the usual manner. The lower paper-guide is supported at its forward end by attachment to a longitudinal rod 6 located adjacent to the rear edge of the rack-bar E Said rod c also affords pivotal support for supporting-arms c e, which are located near opposite ends of the platen and which support, adjacent to the front surface of the platen, pressure-rollers e a which are mounted on a shaft 6 having bearings at its ends in eyes 6 on the guides e. Said shaft 6 engages at its end an intermediate arm e which is also mounted to turn on the rod 6 and a spring 6 coiled about the rod e and engaging the said arm c", operated to turn said arm in a direction to carry the rollers e c toward the surface of the platen. Attached to the arms 6 e are tilting paperguides which, when the platen is at the rear ward limit of its movement the rollers e and the paper-guides e are moved thereon rearwardly by the action of said spring rest at their free ends in contact with the lowerpaper-guide E the said paper-guides at such time being in position to guide the entering edge of around the platen, and past the adjacent parts against which it might strike in the absence of said guides.

Now referring to the inking-ribbon and the means shown for supporting and actuating the same, these parts are illustrated in Figs. 1, 3, and 25 and are constructed as follows:

V V are the ribbon-spools, which are mounted on upright shafts c 4), located on the typebar-support-ing frames D at the rear of the type-bars said spools being so arranged that the ribbon extending between the spools and over the platen passes through the several loop-shaped type-bars above the pivots of the same. The inclined supports D are forked at their lower ends to afford space for the passage of the ribbon, as clearly seen in Fig. 2.

Provision is made for actuating the ribbonspools whereby either spool may be positively driven andthe ribbon wound upon one spool or the other as desired, the same being constructed as follows: Secured to each spool V, below the same, is a gear-wheel V, which is adapted for engagement with a gear-pinion c on a shaft V V is mounted in a step or bearing-recess 1;, Fig. 41, in the base-plate A, while its upper end is adapted for insertion in either one of two bearing-notches o 0 formed in the plate D. The lower end of the shaft V is made to fit loosely in the bearing-recess n so that its upper end may be moved freely in shifting it from one to the other of the said notches; said recess, in the construction shown, Fig. 41, being made slightly larger at its upper than at its lower end, to afford the necessary freedom of movement in the upper end of the shaft. These notches are so arranged that when the upper end of the shaft is placed in one notch 12 it will be engaged with the gearwheel, but when placed in the other notch o it will be free from said gear-wheel. Said bearing-notches are held closed by means of a spring-stri p o, Figs. 25 and 42, which is conveniently formed by means of a single strip of spring metal secured at one end of the plate D, and which is held or guided in its movement by means of a stud if, provided with a head which forms a stop to limit the outward movement of the free end of said spring-strip; the said strip 12 being provided with a hole for the passage of the said stud, which hole is made somewhat larger than the stud, so as to allow the free end of the strip to freelymove inwardly and outwardly on the stud, as clearly seen in the drawings, Fig. 42. Both of the ribbon-spools being provided with similar driving connections it follows that the The lower end of said shaft IIO two driving shafts V which actuate said spools may both be shifted at the same time, one into and the other out of engagement with its corresponding spool, so that the direction of the motion of the ribbon may be easily'and 'quickly reversed as soon as one spool is filled and the other empty. Y

For actuating the shaft V I provide a simple pawland ratchet device consisting of a ratchet-wheel V located at the lower ends of the said shaft, Figs. 3, 24, and 41, and having upwardlyfacing teeth. Upon the framestandards D are located bell-crank levers V having depending arms connected at their lower ends with horizontally-moving pawls c, the free ends of which rest on and are adapted to engage the ratchet-teeth of the ratchet-wheels V The horizontal arms of said bell-crank levers extend forward an d engage the ends of the spacing-bar 0, Fig. 1, so that upon the depression of each key-lever the said pawl will be operated through the medium of the bell-crank levers and the shafts V thereby turned; a slight movement being thereby given to that one of the ribbon-spools which is at the time engaged with its actuating-shaft. The said ribbon-spools V (illustrated) contain improved features of construction as follows: Each of said spools consists of a central barrel and two heads or ends, and I propose to make the barrel part V of the spool, Figs. 34, 44, and 45, of a piece of sheet metal, Fig. 34, having parallel side edges and to provide the heads or ends V, Fig. 35, with annularly-arranged perforations 12 through which the outwardly-extendin g projections r on the barrel part are adapted to project. WVhen thepiece of sheet metal forming the barrel is bent into cylindric form, the said pron o are inserted through said apertures and then bent down against the outer surface of the heads, to secure the latter to the barrel. In order to provide means for fastening the ends of the ribbon to a barrel, made as described, I provided the strip with a pointed or \l-shaped projection o arranged to extend opposite an opening or notch 12 cut in the opposite end of the strip and forming a free projection or spur over which the end of the ribbon may be hooked; the end of the spur being bent down into the notch to hold the ribbon against detachment.

The gear-wheels V as shown and preferably constructed are mounted loosely on the shaft 1; c, above the plates D, and are adapted for detachable connection with the ribbonspools by means of studs r in the upper surfaces of the wheels, which enter correspondingly-located holes v Fig. 35, in the lower heads or disks of the spools. The spools rest by gravity on the gear-wheels, felt washers 42 Fig. 24, being preferably placed between the gears and spools to deaden the sound. The studs 1) are shown as provided with milled heads, Fig. 1, and they conveniently have screw-threaded connection at their lower ends with the plates D, so that the spools may be easily removed and replaced by unscrewing the studs from the said plates.

The type-writing machine herein shown is of that class in which the inking-ribbon is provided with guides adjacent to the printing-point, which guides are movable to hold the ribbon adjacent to the paper at the time the impression is made and is adapted to be moved to throw or lift the ribbon away from the paper and thus render visible the impression made after each letter is printed. As an improved ribbon throw or a device for so guiding and actuating the said ribbon I propose to employ a construction shown in Figs. 24, 29, and 33, as follows: Pivoted to rigid supporting-arms W \V, which are attached to the shifting carriage-frame, conveniently by means of a standard XV, attached to the upturned forward end of the bar F", and which extend to points over the platen, is a rock-shaft W arranged parallel with and above the platen and carrying two depending arms to w, to the lower ends of which are attached two ribbon-guides or loops 10 at, one of which is arranged at either side of the printing-point, said loops being arranged to stand, when in working position, horizontally and beneath the pivotal axis about which they swing, Fig. The arms w w are rigidly connected by means of a cross-bar 10 which serves to rigidly connect the two arms to w, and enables both spools to be actuated, by a single driving connection. The said cross-bar is bent downwardly or deflected so as to come below the level of the type-heads as they strike downwardly on the platen. To give motion to the said rockshaft and the loops carried thereby, the rockshaft is provi led with a rigid arm 10 to which is pivo d the upper end of a connecting-rod W hich is connected at its lower end with a part which is actuated by all of the key -levers of the machine, in the instance shown one of the bars 0 attached to the space-bar 0, so that the rock-shaft is moved and the ribbon-guides oscillated each time an impression is made. The loops to 10 stand normally remote from the platen and are swung into position adjacent to or over the same at the time the keys are depressed. The pivotal axis of the -loops or guides is so arranged with respect to the same and to the platen that the loops stand normally in a position forward of the platen or at the side of their pivotal aXis adjacent to the operator, and in an inclined or oblique direction, so that the ribbon stands edgewise to the line of vision as the operator looks toward the platen on which the paper rests. By this arrangement of the ribbon-guides the ribbon is held in such position as to avoid obstruction to the vision at all times, except when the impression is being made, while at the same time a very short or slight movement of the ribbon-guides is required to bring the ribbon into its operative position.

On the rear frame-bar E of the carriage is 

